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Australian Parent Visas

Bringing parents to Australia in 2026? Explore parent visa options like aged parent visa (804), contributory parent visa (143/864), and sponsored parent visa (870) for temporary or permanent stays, with eligibility, costs, and processing details from official sources.

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Overview

Australia's parent visa program allows Australian citizens, permanent residents, and eligible New Zealand citizens living in Australia to sponsor their parents for permanent residency. This guide covers everything you need to know — from choosing the right visa type to understanding what happens after a decision is made.

1. Choosing the Right Parent Visa

There are two broad categories of parent visas, each suited to different situations and budgets.

Standard Parent Visas

These are the more affordable option. The trade-off is significantly longer processing times. There are two options depending on where your parent is located:

  • Subclass 103 (Parent) — for parents applying from overseas
  • Subclass 804 (Aged Parent) — for parents already living in Australia

Contributory Parent Visas

These cost considerably more but are generally processed much faster. They come in both temporary and permanent forms:

  • Subclass 143 (Contributory Parent) — permanent visa for parents applying from overseas
  • Subclass 173 (Contributory Parent Temporary) — a stepping stone to the Subclass 143 for parents overseas
  • Subclass 864 (Contributory Aged Parent) — permanent visa for parents already in Australia
  • Subclass 884 (Contributory Aged Parent Temporary) — temporary visa for parents already in Australia, leading to the Subclass 864

Retirement Pathway

If your parent held a Subclass 410 (Retirement) or Subclass 405 (Investor Retirement) visa, there may be a special pathway available to them for permanent residency.

2. Eligibility Checks Before You Apply

Before starting the application process, several eligibility rules must be considered. Getting these right from the start saves significant time and stress.

Only One Parent Visa Application at a Time
You cannot have two active parent visa applications running simultaneously. If there is already an unfinalised parent visa application on record, it must be formally withdrawn before a new one can be lodged. Similarly, if your parent currently holds a Subclass 870 (Sponsored Parent Temporary) visa, that visa must have ceased and your parent must have departed Australia before a parent visa application can be made.
Bars That May Block an Application

Section 48 Bar: If your parent has previously had a visa refused or cancelled while in Australia, they may be subject to a Section 48 bar. This means they cannot apply for any parent visa while they remain in Australia.

No Further Stay Condition (Condition 8503): If the visa your parent currently holds — or last held — includes a "no further stay" condition, they cannot apply for a parent visa from within Australia unless that condition has been officially waived. This applies to both the primary applicant and any secondary applicants on the same application.

Temporary Contributory Visa Holders — Limited Options
If your parent is currently in Australia on a Subclass 173 or 884 temporary visa, they are generally restricted from applying for other visas. The only applications they can validly make are for:
  • The corresponding permanent visa (Subclass 143 or 864)
  • A Subclass 602 Medical Treatment visa
  • A protection visa
Age Requirement for Aged Parent Visas
For Subclass 804, 864, and 884 applications lodged on or after 17 December 2024, the parent must already be of pension age at the time of lodgement — that is, old enough to qualify for the Australian Age Pension under the Social Security Act 1991.

3. How to Apply — Forms, Fees and Lodgement

Where to Send Your Application: All parent visa applications must be either posted or couriered to the Parent Visa Centre in West Perth, Western Australia. Hand delivery is not permitted unless done through a courier service. Any application received at a different location will be treated as invalid and may be returned.

Which Form Do You Need?

Visa Type Who Is Applying Form Required
Subclass 103 – Parent All applicants Form 47PA
Subclass 804 – Aged Parent All applicants Form 47PA
Subclass 143 – Contributory Parent Holders of a Subclass 173 visa Form 47PT
Subclass 143 – Contributory Parent All other applicants Form 47PA
Subclass 864 – Contributory Aged Parent Holders of a Subclass 884 visa Form 47PT
Subclass 864 – Contributory Aged Parent All other applicants Form 47PA
Subclass 173 – Contributory Parent (Temporary) Newborn child of a contributory parent No form needed
Subclass 173 – Contributory Parent (Temporary) All other applicants Form 47PA
Subclass 884 – Contributory Aged Parent (Temporary) Newborn child of a contributory parent No form needed
Subclass 884 – Contributory Aged Parent (Temporary) All other applicants Form 47PA

Visa Application Charges (VAC): Fees are paid in two separate instalments — the first when the application is lodged, and the second before the visa is granted. These amounts are reviewed and adjusted every year, so always check the current figures on the Department of Home Affairs website before applying.

4. Where Does Your Parent Need to Be When They Apply?

Your parent's physical location at the time they lodge their application is a critical factor.

Visa Subclass Where Your Parent Must Be
Subclass 103 – Parent Inside or outside Australia. Retirement Pathway applicants must be in Australia (not in immigration clearance).
Subclass 143 – Contributory Parent Inside or outside Australia. Retirement Pathway applicants must be in Australia (not in immigration clearance).
Subclass 173 – Contributory Parent (Temporary) Anywhere — inside or outside Australia.
Subclass 804 – Aged Parent Must be in Australia, not in immigration clearance.
Subclass 864 – Contributory Aged Parent Must be in Australia, not in immigration clearance.
Subclass 884 – Contributory Aged Parent (Temporary) Must be in Australia, not in immigration clearance (except for newborn children).

5. The Balance of Family Test

This is one of the most critical — and most commonly misunderstood — eligibility requirements for Australian parent visas. The test is designed to ensure that the applying parent has stronger family ties to Australia than to any other single country.

How the Test Works

The test is based on where the applicant's children live. Your parent passes the test if either of the following applies:

  • At least half of all their children and step-children are "eligible children" residing in Australia; or
  • More of their children live in Australia than in any other single country.

An eligible child is an Australian citizen, an Australian permanent resident who usually lives in Australia, or an eligible New Zealand citizen who usually resides in Australia. Australian citizens do not need to physically live in Australia to count as eligible. However, children on temporary visas — including student visas — living in Australia do not count as eligible.

Visa Subclass Exemption from the Test
Subclass 143 / Subclass 864 Exempt if the applicant held a Subclass 173, 884, or substituted Subclass 600 visa at time of application.
Subclass 804 / Subclass 884 Exempt if the applicant held a substituted Subclass 600 visa at time of application.
Real-Life Examples of the Test
  • 4 children — 2 Australian citizens, 2 living overseas → Passes (50% are eligible)
  • 3 children — 1 Australian citizen, 1 in Australia on a temporary visa, 1 overseas → Does not pass (only 1 of 3 is eligible)
  • 7 children — 3 in Australia, 2 in Country X, 1 in Country Y, 1 in Country Z → Passes (more children in Australia than in any other single country)
Who Counts as a Child?
All children are included in the count regardless of age or dependency — natural children, adopted children, children born outside a relationship, and step-children of a current spouse or de facto partner. Children of a former partner are only counted if they are under 18 and subject to a parenting, guardianship, or custody order. Adult step-children of former partners are not counted. If a child's whereabouts are unknown, they are treated as residing in their last known country of usual residence.
When Is a Child Excluded from the Count?
There are three specific situations where a child is not counted in the test at all:
  • The child was removed from the parent's sole and exclusive custody by court order, adoption, or operation of law.
  • The child lives in a country where they face persecution or serious human rights abuse and cannot be reunited with the parent elsewhere — evidence must be provided to support this claim.
  • The child is a registered UNHCR refugee living in a UNHCR-operated camp.

6. Switching to a Contributory Parent Visa

If your parent has already lodged a Subclass 103 or 804 application but wants to switch to the faster Contributory Parent pathway (Subclass 143 or 864), they can do so without losing their original queue date. The original lodgement date carries over to the new application — as long as the original application has not yet been finalised.

7. Newborn Children of Contributory Parent Visa Holders

Children born to parents who hold a temporary Contributory Parent visa (Subclass 173 or 884) — known as contributory parent newborn children (CPNCs) — are automatically granted the same visa as their parent if born in Australia. When the parent later applies for the permanent visa, the newborn should be included in that application as a member of the family unit.

8. Special Concessions for Substituted Subclass 600 Visa Holders

If your parent holds a substituted Subclass 600 (Visitor) visa — one that was granted following a ministerial intervention decision — they may be eligible for certain concessions when applying for a parent visa. These concessions can include exemptions from the age requirement, the balance of family test, and certain health and public interest criteria. These concessions apply to Subclass 804, 864, and 884 applications, and to Subclass 143 in very limited circumstances.

9. The Retirement Pathway

This is a special route available to parents who held a Subclass 410 (Retirement) or Subclass 405 (Investor Retirement) visa on 8 May 2018 — or where that was the last substantive visa they held on that date. They may be eligible to apply for a Subclass 103 or Subclass 143 parent visa through this pathway.

Eligibility Requirements

To be eligible, the parent must:

  • Be physically in Australia when lodging the application
  • Not have held any other substantive visa (other than a Subclass 410 or 405) between 8 May 2018 and the date of their application

Key Benefits

Retirement Pathway applicants do not need to:

  • Satisfy the Balance of Family Test
  • Arrange an Assurance of Support
  • Have a sponsor

10. Sponsorship

While a sponsor is not required to lodge a valid application, one must be in place before a visa can be granted. The sponsor must be a settled Australian citizen, permanent resident, or eligible New Zealand citizen. Applicants can change their sponsor at any point during the process, provided the new sponsor meets all requirements and submits a completed Form 40 to the Department.

What If the Sponsor Is Under 18?
If the person who would normally be the sponsor is under 18, a community organisation may sponsor the applicant instead. This could be a community-based group, ethnic organisation, or church group with a genuine connection to the minor. To qualify, the organisation must be:
  • Lawfully established in Australia
  • Actively operating for at least one year
  • Financially capable of supporting the applicant during processing and for two years after the visa is granted
What If the Sponsor Dies?
If the sponsor passes away during the application process, arrangements can be made for a new sponsor. In some cases — particularly for Subclass 173/884 holders applying for Subclass 143/864 — the sponsorship requirement may be taken to have been satisfied even if the original sponsor has died, provided certain conditions are met and no other eligible sponsor is available.

11. Assurance of Support (Financial Obligation)

The Assurance of Support (AoS) is a legal commitment by an Australian resident (the "assurer") to repay the government any social security payments made to the visa holder during a set period. This is mandatory for permanent parent visa holders.

  • Standard Parent visas: AoS period is generally 4 years
  • Contributory Parent visas: AoS period is generally 10 years
Visa Subclass AoS Required?
Subclass 103 – Parent Yes
Subclass 143 – Contributory Parent Yes
Subclass 804 – Aged Parent Yes
Subclass 864 – Contributory Aged Parent Yes
Subclass 173 – Contributory Parent (Temporary) No
Subclass 884 – Contributory Aged Parent (Temporary) No

12. Health, Character and Other Requirements

All applicants must satisfy a range of Public Interest Criteria (PICs) covering health, character, and integrity — including PICs 4001, 4002, 4003, 4004, 4005, 4007, 4009, 4010, 4020, and 4021. Applicants aged 18 or over at the time of application must also meet PIC 4019. If minor children are included in the application, additional criteria (PICs 4015–4018) must also be met. Applicants who have previously been in Australia must satisfy Special Return Criteria 5001, 5002, and 5010 — this does not apply to Subclass 804 applicants.


Applicants are also legally required to notify the Department of any changes in their circumstances after lodging — including changes to family composition, relationships, or other relevant matters.

13. Bridging Visas — Staying Lawfully While You Wait

Bridging visas are only available to applicants who are applying from within Australia. This includes:

  • Applicants for Subclass 804, 864, and 884 visas
  • Subclass 103 and 143 applicants applying through the Retirement Pathway
  • Certain Subclass 143 applicants who previously held a Subclass 173, a Subclass 676 (Tourist), or a substituted Subclass 600 visa

14. Family Violence Protections for Secondary Applicants

Australia's parent visa program includes important legal protections for spouses or de facto partners (secondary applicants) who have experienced family violence committed by the primary applicant. These provisions apply to Subclass 103, 143, 804, and 864 visa applications.

Family violence is broadly defined as any conduct that causes a person to fear for their safety or the safety of their family — including physical, emotional, and other forms of abuse directed at a person, their children, family, friends, pets, or property.

When Can These Protections Be Accessed?
A secondary applicant can access the family violence provisions if all of the following apply:
  • They were the spouse or de facto partner of the primary applicant at the time of application
  • The relationship has since ended
  • Family violence was committed by the primary applicant against the secondary applicant, a family unit member, or a dependent child
  • The primary applicant has either been granted the visa, or has been refused specifically because of conduct involving family violence
What If the Relationship Has Not Yet Ended?
If the secondary applicant is still in a relationship with the primary applicant, they are not yet eligible to access these provisions. Once the relationship ends, eligibility may arise.
What Happens to Dependent Children?
Where family violence is reported and dependent children are part of the application, their cases follow the parent with parental responsibility. If both parents share responsibility, the best interests of the children determine which parent's case they are processed with. If the primary applicant was refused due to family violence, it is generally in the children's best interests to be processed alongside the secondary applicant.

15. What Happens After a Decision Is Made

When the Primary Applicant Is Refused Due to Family Violence

There is no single law specifically for visa refusal on family violence grounds. However, a primary applicant can be refused under general character and conduct criteria — such as failing the character test under Section 501 of the Migration Act, or failing Public Interest Criterion 4020 for providing false or misleading information.

If the primary applicant is refused because of family violence they committed, the secondary applicant may still be granted the visa, provided they meet all other relevant criteria. Even offences committed against someone not named in the application can form the basis of refusal, and the secondary applicant may still be eligible.

When the Primary Applicant Is Refused for Other Reasons

The family violence provisions only apply where the primary applicant would otherwise have been granted the visa. If the primary applicant is refused for any other reason — such as failing the Balance of Family Test — the secondary applicant cannot access the family violence provisions and their application will also be refused.

The 'One Fails, All Fail' Rule

If any member of the family unit — whether applying or not — fails to meet the required public interest or special return criteria, the primary applicant cannot be granted the visa either. The same applies to secondary applicants accessing the family violence provisions — if any of their family unit members fail to meet the relevant criteria, the secondary applicant's visa cannot be granted.

No Review Fee in Certain Family Violence Cases

If the secondary applicant's visa is refused solely because the primary applicant was refused, and family violence is involved, no fee is payable for lodging a merits review application at the Administrative Review Tribunal (ART).

16. Visa Grant — When the Application Is Approved

Clearing Other Applications & Second VAC Payment

Before a parent visa can be granted, all other parent visa applications — including any currently under merits review or judicial review — must be finalised or withdrawn. Completing the withdrawal section on Forms 47PA or 47PT only withdraws the Department application — separate action is needed to withdraw any tribunal or court review applications.

If an applicant has lost cognitive capacity and cannot sign the withdrawal form themselves, only a power of attorney or a migration agent or lawyer appointed before the loss of capacity can sign on their behalf.

Second VAC Payment: The second instalment of the Visa Application Charge must be paid before the visa is granted. This cannot be waived.

Where Must Your Parent Be When the Visa Is Granted?

Visa Subclass Applicant Group Where They Must Be
Subclass 103 All applicants (except Retirement Pathway) Outside Australia
Subclass 103 Retirement Pathway applicants Inside or outside Australia
Subclass 143 Subclass 173 holders, substituted Subclass 600 holders, or their family members Inside or outside Australia (not in immigration clearance)
Subclass 143 Retirement Pathway applicants Inside or outside Australia
Subclass 143 All other applicants Outside Australia
Subclass 173 All applicants except newborn children Outside Australia
Subclass 173 Newborn children (CPNCs) Inside or outside Australia (not in immigration clearance)
Subclass 804 All applicants Inside Australia (not in immigration clearance)
Subclass 864 All applicants Inside Australia (not in immigration clearance)
Subclass 884 All applicants except newborn children Inside Australia (not in immigration clearance)
Subclass 884 Newborn children (CPNCs) Inside or outside Australia
How Long Does the Visa Last?

Permanent parent visas (Subclasses 103, 143, 804, and 864) allow the holder to travel to and enter Australia for 5 years from the date of grant.

Temporary Contributory Parent visas work differently:

  • Subclass 173 — valid for 2 years from the date of first entry into Australia (not from the grant date)
  • Subclass 884 — valid for 2 years from the date of visa grant
  • Contributory parent newborn children — granted a visa from a date specified by the Minister
After the Visa Is Granted
Successful applicants are formally notified and may also be informed of their entitlement to the Adult Migrant English Program (AMEP) for English language tuition. Holders of a Subclass 173 or 884 temporary visa must also be advised of the restrictions that apply to further visa applications while they hold that temporary visa.
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17. What If the Application Is Refused?

Review Rights
In most cases, a refused parent visa decision can be reviewed by the Administrative Review Tribunal (ART). If the applicant was in Australia at the time of refusal, they can lodge the review themselves. If they were outside Australia, only their Australian sponsor or close relative named in the application can lodge the review on their behalf.
Bridging Visa Cessation After Refusal
If the visa is refused or withdrawn while the applicant is in Australia, their bridging visa will cease either:
  • 28 days after the refusal notification — if the bridging visa was granted before 19 November 2016
  • 35 days after the refusal notification — if the bridging visa was granted on or after 19 November 2016
This window allows the applicant to either make arrangements to depart Australia or, if eligible, apply for a review.
Refusal on Health Grounds
If the application is refused specifically on health grounds, the applicant or their sponsor should consider whether a Subclass 602 (Medical Treatment) visa is an option.

18. What If the Primary Applicant Dies During Processing?

If the primary applicant passes away before a decision is made, the Department will request a certified copy of the death certificate and a letter from the secondary applicant confirming they wish to continue with the application. If a death certificate is unavailable, a Statutory Declaration from the sponsor or surviving spouse is sufficient. Other sources — such as online obituaries, hospital records, or coroner's records — may also be used to verify the death.

Once confirmed, the secondary applicant's role is updated and they are assessed against the primary criteria. The application keeps its place in the queue, unless the former secondary applicant was not of "aged" status for an Aged Parent visa — in which case they would not be eligible for grant and would need to withdraw. A VAC refund for the deceased applicant must also be processed in line with Regulation 2.12F.

19. Moving from a Temporary to a Permanent Contributory Parent Visa

If your parent currently holds a Subclass 173 or 884 temporary visa and is ready to apply for the permanent Subclass 143 or 864 visa, specific rules and concessions apply.

Processing Concessions

Holding a temporary Contributory Parent visa at the time of applying for the permanent visa means your parent will not need to satisfy the following criteria again:

  • PIC 4004 — Debt to the Commonwealth
  • PIC 4009/4010 — Settlement requirements
  • PIC 4005 — Health requirements (already assessed for the temporary visa)

These concessions also extend to family unit members included in the application.

If the Temporary Visa Has Already Expired
If the Subclass 173 or 884 visa expired before the permanent visa application was lodged, your parent may still access the concessions above — but only if they can demonstrate compassionate and compelling circumstances that were genuinely beyond their control and prevented them from applying in time.
Evidence Required for Compassionate Circumstances
To make this claim, your parent must attach the following directly to their permanent visa application:
  • A written statement clearly requesting consideration of compassionate and compelling circumstances and explaining why they apply.
  • Supporting documentary evidence such as a doctor's certificate, hospital records, or other relevant professional documentation.
Without this evidence, the application will be assessed as a direct permanent visa application — meaning full criteria apply, including the Balance of Family Test and the full VAC payment.
What Counts as Compassionate and Compelling?
The circumstances must be beyond the applicant's control and must explain why they were unable to apply within the 2-year validity period of their temporary visa. Common accepted examples include:
  • Serious illness, hospitalisation, medically diagnosed dementia, Alzheimer's disease, or significant psychological conditions.
  • The unexpected serious illness, incapacitation, or death of a partner, child, or close family member.
Simply forgetting to apply is not automatically accepted, though it may be considered alongside other factors. Financial hardship alone is also not sufficient, but it can be taken into account alongside other relevant circumstances.
Two Possible Outcomes After Assessment

If compassionate and compelling circumstances are accepted: Your parent is treated as though they still held the temporary visa at the time of applying for the permanent visa. All processing concessions apply, and if the application is successful, your parent may be inside or outside Australia when the visa is granted.

If compassionate and compelling circumstances are not accepted: The application continues but is assessed as a direct permanent visa application. Full criteria apply — including the Balance of Family Test and the second VAC instalment.

Social Security, Work Rights and Medicare During Processing

Social Security (Centrelink): While waiting for a decision on the permanent visa, applicants are generally not entitled to most Centrelink social security payments — even if they previously held a temporary Contributory Parent visa.

Work Rights: Work rights during this period depend entirely on the type of bridging visa granted. They are not automatically included. If your parent needs work rights and does not have them, they can apply to the Department on hardship grounds.

Medicare: Medicare eligibility generally ceases once the Subclass 173 or 884 visa expires — unless:

  • Your parent is a citizen of a country with a reciprocal health care agreement with Australia (limited Medicare access may apply).
  • Your parent held the temporary visa at the time they applied for the permanent visa — in this case, Medicare access continues during processing.

Timing Rules for Medicare:

  • Applied for the permanent visa within 28 days of the temporary visa ceasing → Medicare eligibility can be regained.
  • Applied more than 28 days after the temporary visa ceased and claiming compassionate/compelling circumstances → Medicare may be restored if the delegate accepts the claim.

For current Medicare information, visit www.servicesaustralia.gov.au/medicare

20. Child Safeguarding

The Department of Home Affairs is committed to the safety and wellbeing of children throughout the parent visa process. All decisions involving children are made in line with Australia's obligations under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, ensuring every child is protected and their best interests are always considered.

21. Accountability and Responsibility

Role Responsibility
Delegates (visa decision makers) Make lawful, fair, and reasonable visa decisions in line with current policy.
Supervisors and managers Ensure delegates apply policy correctly and exercise their powers appropriately.
Delegates advising on ART matters Provide accurate advice on cases before the Administrative Review Tribunal.
Delegates providing training Ensure training is accurate and consistent with current policy and legislation.
Family Program Management (FPM) Section Provide accurate policy and legislative guidance.
Director, FPM Ensure policy instructions are current, accurate, and meet stakeholder needs.
Assistant Secretary, Family Visas Branch Accountable for the quality and delivery of family visa policy and programs.

Key Comparisons: Which Parent Visa is Right for You?

Here's a quick table to compare options:

Visa Type Subclass Cost (AUD, Single) Processing Time Validity Best For
Aged Parent Visa 804 7,345+ Up to 33 years Permanent Budget-conscious, aged parents in Australia
Contributory Parent Visa 143 / 864 48,640+ Up to 15 years Permanent Faster permanent family reunion
Sponsored Parent (Temporary) 870 6,070–12,140 3–6 months Up to 5 years (max 10) Short-term visits with flexibility
Parent Visa (Non-Aged) 103 7,345+ Up to 33 years Permanent Non-aged parents applying offshore


Note: All permanent visas cap at 8,500 places annually in 2025-26, contributing to long waits. Contributory visas take ~7,000 spots, non-contributory ~1,500.

 

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FAQS

What is the balance of family test for parent visas?

It's a requirement for permanent parent visas where at least half your children must be Australian citizens/PRs, or more live in Australia than any other country.

How much does a contributory parent visa cost in 2026?

Starts at AUD 48,640 per person, paid in two instalments, covering healthcare contributions for faster processing.

What are the processing times for aged parent visa (804)?

Up to 33 years due to queues and annual caps; check Home Affairs for current estimates.

Can parents work on a sponsored parent visa (870)?

No, this temporary visa prohibits work, but allows stays up to 5 years, renewable to 10 years max.

What's the difference between Subclass 143 and 103 visas?

Subclass 143 is contributory (faster, costlier at AUD 48,640), while 103 is non-contributory (cheaper at AUD 7,345 but waits up to 33 years).

Is there a 10-year parent visa for Australia?

Yes, the Sponsored Parent (Temporary) Visa (870) allows up to 10 years total stay through renewals of 3- or 5-year grants.

Who can sponsor a visa for parents to Australia?

An Australian citizen, permanent resident, or eligible New Zealand citizen aged 18+, settled in Australia, meeting income thresholds for Assurance of Support.

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